solaros
Gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre) to roślina pochodząca z południowych Indii i jest pnączem podobnym do winorośli.Hindusi nazwali ją "niszczycielem cukru", jako że żucie liści powoduje utratę słodkiego smaku.
Głównymi składnikami surowca są glikozydy - triterpeno-gymnemozydy - zwane kwasami gymnemowymi I-IX.
Ich działanie farmakologiczne polega glownie na:
-stymulacji ß-komórek trzustki,
-zwiększaniu wydzielania insuliny
-poprawianiu wykorzystanie glukozy
-spowalnianiu uwalaniania cukru do krwi
-obnizaniu poziomu cholesterolu i trojglicerydow
-oraz zmniejszaniu apetytu na słodycze,blokowaniu receptorów smakowych (hamują zdolność odczuwania smaku słodkiego lub gorzkiego) bez wpływu na zdolność odczuwania pozostałych smaków.
U osób zdrowych Gymnema sylvestre nie daje efektu obniżenia poziomu glukozy, jednocześnie zapobiega wzrostowi glukozy w surowicy krwi, co wykorzystuje się, stosując go u osób będących na diecie, a mających duże skłonności do spożywania węglowodanów. Mechanizm działania obejmuje uwrażliwienie komórek trzustki na insulinę i maksymalne jej wydzielanie. Jest bezpieczny, może być stosowany nawet w ilościach większych od zalecanych. Niewielka ilość sproszkowanego zioła podana pod język blokuje uczucie smaku słodkiego na kilka godzin.
Badania kliniczne wykazały, że podawanie Gymnema sylvestre pacjentom z cukrzycą typu 1 wzmagało wytwarzanie insuliny, regenerując komórki ß trzustki, a w cukrzycy typu 2 redukuje ilość przyjmowanych leków i u niektórych stwarza możliwość ich wycofania. Natomiast u osób bez problemów chorobowych, nie zauważono efektu obniżenia poziomu glukozy poniżej normy.
Rezultaty ostatnich badań klinicznych niezbicie wskazują na pozytywny efekt stosowania tego środka w cukrzycy typu 1 oraz w cukrzycy dorosłych typu 2. G. sylvestre zapewnia efektywne wykorzystanie glukozy, sprawia, że maksymalne jej ilości zostają użyte w procesach energetycznych naszego organizmu. Pomaga to utrzymać prawidłowy poziom glukozy nawet u osób, które niezbyt rygorystycznie przestrzegają diety.
Insulina jest wytwarzana przez skupiska komórek znajdujących się w trzustce. Komórki te nazywane są komórkami beta wysp trzustkowych.
Komórki beta zgrupowane są w trzustce w tzw. wyspy Langerhansa, które rozmieszczone są równomiernie w całym narządzie.
Gdy dojdzie do zniszczenia ok. 90% komórek beta, zaczynają być zauważalne objawy cukrzycy. Spadek wytwarzania insuliny powoduje kumulowanie się glukozy we krwi.
Upośledzenie wydzielania insuliny przez komórki β może być przyczyna powstanie cukrzycy typu .
Z biegiem czasu postępujące niszczenie komórek β trzustki doprowadza do zaniku wydzielania insuliny.
Objawy kliniczne jawnej cukrzycy pojawiają się w momencie uszkodzenia czy też zniszczenia 80-90% liczby komórek β
obniza poziom cholesterolu i trojglicerydow:
Effect of administration with the extract of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br leaves on lipid metabolism in rats.
Extract of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br leaves (GE) was orally administered once a day to rats fed a high fat diet or normal fat diet for 3 weeks to investigate its influence on lipid metabolism. As a result, GE did not influence body weight gain or feed intake in both diet groups during the experimental period. The apparent fat digestibility was significantly decreased by GE in both diet groups for the last 2 weeks of the experimental period, though not the apparent protein digestibility. In addition, the excretion of neutral sterols and acid steroids into feces was increased by GE in both diet groups. Furthermore, GE decreased the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum. On the other hand, blood lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was increased by GE. Moreover, it was suggested that GE influenced cecal fermentation and that propionic acid and acetic acid contents in cecum were significantly increased by GE. Consequently, it was suggested that GE improved serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels through influence over a wide range of lipid metabolism in rats
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411567
Gymnema sylvestre obniza poziom cholesterolu i trojglicerydow u szczurow
Effect of long term-administration with Gymnema sylvestre R. BR on plasma and liver lipid in rats.
Extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves was administered to rats receiving either a high fat diet or normal fat diet for 10 weeks to investigate its influence on plasma and liver lipids and on visceral fat accumulation. In addition, its effect was compared with those of chitosan and the influence of combined use of these two substances was also evaluated. Within the high fat diet groups, the extract suppressed body weight gain and accumulation of liver lipids to the same extent as chitosan and the combined use. In addition, intraperitoneal fat and fat drop vacuoles on the epithelium of renal tubules, noted in the high fat diet group, were scattered by administration of the extract with the same results as for chitosan and combined use. Within the normal fat diet groups, plasma triglyceride levels decreased by administration of the extract, with similar results as chitosan and combined use.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411552
Gymnema sylvestre u szczurow karmionych dieta bogata w tluszcze zahamowala wzrost wagi i wzrost otluszczenia watroby
U szczurow karmionych normalna dieta - spadl poziom trojglicerydow
Decreased bodyweight without rebound and regulated lipoprotein metabolism by gymnemate in genetic multifactor syndrome animal.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to find obesity control method without rebound. In our previous studies, gymnemate extracted from Gymnema sylvestre, inhibited oleic acid absorption. The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a genetic multifactor syndrome model, exhibits progressive overweight, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. The effect of gymnemate on obesity in OLETF was investigated.
METHODS: Three groups were divided (n=4-8): (1) OLETF-gymnemate, gymnema water extract (containing gymnemate) diet (62.5 g/kg) and water (2.5 g/kg) were supplied 2 weeks from 26-28 weeks, following it general diet and water were fed 3 weeks to observe if it rebound, (2) OLETF-control and (3) the counterpart Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats as normal-control.
RESULTS: With gymnemate treatment, the food and water intake were decreased about 1/3 and 2/3, along with body weight reduced 57.2+/- 6.4 and 75.5+/- 6.3 g during 1 and 2 weeks respectively. In the end of experiment (3 weeks after gymnemate withdrawal), the body weight was decreased to no significant difference with normal-control. The total cholesterol was decreased about 1/3, moreover LDL+VLDL (low-density and very-low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol decreased about 1/2. The proportion of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol to the total cholesterol was increased. The serum triglyceride was decreased to the 1/4 of OLETF control. The level of serum cholesterol and triglyceride was no significant difference in gymnemate group with normal group.
CONCLUSION: Supplementation with gymnemate promoted weight loss by its ability to reduce hyperlipidemia, which was no withdrawal rebound: an important discovery. Supplementation with gymnemate is a novel therapeutic tool for weight management, especially in multifactor syndrome.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16691318?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
podawanie zwierzetom roztworu zawierajacego extrakt z gymnema sylvestre powodowal zmniejszenie hiperlipidemi
(zespół zaburzeń metabolicznych objawiających się podwyższonymi poziomami frakcji cholesterolu i triglicerydów w surowicy krwi)
- co skutkowalo utrata masy ciala
obniza poziom cukru:
A comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin.
A comparison of blood sugar lowering activity of four important medicinal plants (Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Catharanthus roseus and Ocimum sanctum) were carried out against normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models. The plant extracts decreased the blood sugar level in varying degrees. Blood sugar lowering unit (BLU) of activity of each leaf extract and tolbutamide was calculated by ED50 values. Statistical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) variation among the treatments as well as doses with regard to their blood sugar lowering capacity. A. indica leaf extract was found to have the most potent blood sugar-lowering activity followed by C. roseus, G. sylvestre and O. sanctum.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617074
G.S. wraz z innymi 3 roslinami wykazala wlasciowsci obnizajace poizom cukru we krwi u szczurow chorych na cukrzyce
Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. on glucose homeostasis in rats
Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. (G. sylvestre; GS4) on glucose homeostasis was studied in rats. In the first set of experiments, the acute effect of GS4 was examined in both non-diabetic and streptozocin (30 mg/kg)-induced mildly diabetic rats. Administration of 1 g/kg body weight of GS4 to 18-h fasted non-diabetic rats significantly attenuated the serum glucose response to oral administration of 1 g/kg glucose. The immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response in GS4-administered rats was lower, but not significantly, than that in control rats. In mildly diabetic rats, a 60 min increment in serum glucose concentrations was significantly reduced by GS4 administration. No IRI response was observed in these diabetic rats irrespective of GS4 administration. In the second set of experiments, the chronic effect of GS4 was examined in mildly diabetic rats. Two weeks after the induction of diabetes, the rats were divided into two groups that had similar impairment of glucose tolerance assessed by an oral glucose loading test. The rats were fed for 32-35 days with either a control diet or a diet supplemented with GS4. After 4 weeks, GS4 showed a tendency to reduce the serum glucose concentrations in the fed state and to improve the glucose tolerance. Gain in body weight, food intake, pancreas weight and the pancreatic contents of IRI, protein, amylase and trypsinogen were unaltered in the GS4-treated group compared with the control. These results suggest the usefulness of G. sylvestre in the treatment of certain classes of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=
B6T5Y-4BY4YKS-6P&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=
gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=
1693906667&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_url
Version=0&_userid=10&md5=ddc92ca59af0a2b06e6e8474e0754f60&searchtype=a
po 4 tygodniach podawania szczurom majacych problem z tolerowaniem glukozy poprawila sie tolerancja na glukoze i spadl poziom cukru przed posilkami
Possible regeneration of the islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-diabetic rats given Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts.
Two water soluble extracts, GS3 and GS4, obtained from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, were tested in streptozotocin treated rats for their effects on blood glucose homeostasis and pancreatic endocrine tissue. In the diabetic rats, fasting blood glucose levels returned to normal after 60 days of GS3 and after 20 days of GS4 oral administration. Blood collected during the conduct of oral glucose tolerance tests was used to assay for serum insulin. GS3 and GS4 therapy led to a rise in serum insulin to levels closer to normal fasting levels
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259215
dwa extrakty z Gymnema Sylvestre - GS3 i GS4(kwas gymnemowy 4) bylu podawane szczurom.
U szczurow chorych na cukrzyce poziom glukozy wrocil do stanu normalnego po 60dniach stosowania GS3 i 20dniach stosowania GS4
Antihyperglycemic effects of gymnemic acid IV, a compound derived from Gymnema sylvestre leaves in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.
We investigated the antihyperglycemic action of a crude saponin fraction and five triterpene glycosides (gymnemic acids I-IV and gymnemasaponin V) derived from the methanol extract of leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. (Asclepiadaceae) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. The saponin fraction (60mg/kg) reduced blood glucose levels 2 4h after the intraperitoneal administration. Gymnemic acid IV, not the other 4 glycosides at doses of 3.4-13.4mg/kg reduced the blood glucose levels by 13.5-60.0% 6h after the administration comparable to the potency of glibenclamide, and did not change the blood glucose levels of normal mice. Gymnemic acid IV at 13.4 mg/kg increased plasma insulin levels in STZ-diabetic mice. Gymnemic acid IV (1 mg/mL) did not inhibit alpha-glycosidase activity in the brush border membrane vesicles of normal rat small intestines. These results indicate that insulin-releasing action of gymnemic acid IV may contribute to the antihyperglycemic effect by the leaves of G. sylvestre. Gymnemic acid IV may be an anti-obese and antihyperglycemic pro-drug.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11249615
kwas gymnemowy 4 podawany myszom w ilosci 3.4-13.4mg/kg powodowal spadek poziomu glukozy we krwi o 13.5-60.0% po 6h od podania
powoduje wzrost poziomu insuliny:
The insulinotropic activity of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. an indian medical herb used in controlling diabetes mellitus
Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. a woody climber, growing in unkempt tropical forests of Southern India belonging to the family of Asclepiadaceae has been in use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in India for over 2000 years. Scientific investigation of the biological effect of oral administration of the leaves revealed that it is able to increase the circulating insulin levels in alloxan diabetic rabbits and in a single maturity-onset diabetic patient. The hypoglycemic action of the leaf powder is not abrupt and severe, but slow. Blood glucose homeostasis during G. sylvestre therapy is associated with lowering of the serum lipid levels.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi
=B7MF0-4KXF7NW-5&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1981&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=
gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStr
Id=1693909726&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=
1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=587a70e3484309b8ad0caad2823965a0&searchtype=a
G.S. powoduje wzrost poziomu insuliny u chorych na cukrzyce.
Powoduje rowniez spadaek poziomu cukru we krwi (homeostaze),powiazane jest to ze spadkiem poziomu lipidow
regeneracja komorek beta trzuski:
Possible regeneration of the islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-diabetic rats given Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts.
In diabetic rat pancreas, both GS3 and GS4 were able to double the islet number and beta cell number. This herbal therapy appears to bring about blood glucose homeostasis through increased serum insulin levels provided by repair/regeneration of the endocrine pancreas.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259215
u szczurow chorych na cukrzyce podawanie extraktow z G.S. podwoilo ilosc komorek beta trzuski
Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
The effectiveness of GS4, an extract from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, in controlling hyperglycaemia was investigated in 22 Type 2 diabetic patients on conventional oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents. GS4 (400 mg/day) was administered for 18-20 months as a supplement to the conventional oral drugs. During GS4 supplementation, the patients showed a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and glycosylated plasma proteins, and conventional drug dosage could be decreased. Five of the 22 diabetic patients were able to discontinue their conventional drug and maintain their blood glucose homeostasis with GS4 alone. These data suggest that the beta cells may be regenerated/repaired in Type 2 diabetic patients on GS4 supplementation. This is supported by the appearance of raised insulin levels in the serum of patients after GS4 supplementation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259217
suplementacja GS4 (kwas gymnemowy 4) w ilosci 400 mg/d u 22 pacjantow z cukrzyca typu 2 (insulinoniezalezna) spowodowalo (m.in.) spadek poziomu cukru we krwi - wiec dawki innych lekow mogly zostac obnizone
5 pacjentow moglo zaprzestac stosowania innych lekow - przyjmowali tylko GS4
Wyniki tego badania sugeruja ze komorki beta trzuski moga byc regenerowane podczas suplementacji GS4
Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
GS4, a water-soluble extract of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, was administered (400 mg/day) to 27 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on insulin therapy. Insulin requirements came down together with fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosylated plasma protein levels. While serum lipids returned to near normal levels with GS4 therapy, glycosylated haemoglobin and glycosylated plasma protein levels remained higher than controls. IDDM patients on insulin therapy only showed no significant reduction in serum lipids, HbA1c or glycosylated plasma proteins when followed up after 10-12 months. GS4 therapy appears to enhance endogenous insulin, possibly by regeneration/revitalisation of the residual beta cells in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259216
suplementacja GS4 (kwas gymnemowy 4) w ilosci 400mg/d u chorych na cukrzyce typu 1 powodowala wzrost poziomu insuliny poprzez regeneracje komorek beta
Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability.
To determine whether extracts of Gymnema sylvestre may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we examined the effects of an alcoholic extract of G. sylvestre (GS4) on insulin secretion from rat islets of Langerhans and several pancreatic beta-cell lines. GS4 stimulated insulin release from HIT-T15, MIN6 and RINm5F beta-cells and from islets in the absence of any other stimulus, and GS4-stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited in the presence of 1 mM EGTA. Blockade of voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels with 10 microM isradipine did not significantly affect GS4-induced secretion, and insulin release in response to GS4 was independent of incubation temperature. Examination of islet and beta-cell integrity after exposure to GS4, by trypan blue exclusion, indicated that concentrations of GS4 that stimulated insulin secretion also caused increased uptake of dye. Two gymnemic acid-enriched fractions of GS4, obtained by size exclusion and silica gel chromatography, also caused increases in insulin secretion concomitant with increased trypan blue uptake. These results confirm the stimulatory effects of G. sylvestre on insulin release, but indicate that GS4 acts by increasing cell permeability, rather than by stimulating exocytosis by regulated pathways. Thus the suitability of GS4 as a potential novel treatment for NIDDM can not be assessed by direct measurements of beta-cell function in vitro.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10556769
GS4 stymuluje wydzielanie insuliny nawet wobec braku innych stymulantow (np.weglowodanow)
wyniki swiadcza o tym ze GS4 moze powodowac zwiekszenie przenikalności komorek
Część informacji zaczerpnieta z:
http://www.czytelniamedyczna.pl/3557,gymnema-sylvestris-rbr-azjatycka-roslina-o-dzialaniu-przeciwcukrzycowym.html
http://docs4.chomikuj.pl/273646439,0,0,13-----21.02.2001-węglowodany,-pocz-cukrzycy.doc
http://www.jiaogulan.pl/gurmar.html
http://www.transferfactor.biz.pl/gurmar.html
Zmieniony przez - solaros w dniu 2011-03-26 03:32:55
Głównymi składnikami surowca są glikozydy - triterpeno-gymnemozydy - zwane kwasami gymnemowymi I-IX.
Ich działanie farmakologiczne polega glownie na:
-stymulacji ß-komórek trzustki,
-zwiększaniu wydzielania insuliny
-poprawianiu wykorzystanie glukozy
-spowalnianiu uwalaniania cukru do krwi
-obnizaniu poziomu cholesterolu i trojglicerydow
-oraz zmniejszaniu apetytu na słodycze,blokowaniu receptorów smakowych (hamują zdolność odczuwania smaku słodkiego lub gorzkiego) bez wpływu na zdolność odczuwania pozostałych smaków.
U osób zdrowych Gymnema sylvestre nie daje efektu obniżenia poziomu glukozy, jednocześnie zapobiega wzrostowi glukozy w surowicy krwi, co wykorzystuje się, stosując go u osób będących na diecie, a mających duże skłonności do spożywania węglowodanów. Mechanizm działania obejmuje uwrażliwienie komórek trzustki na insulinę i maksymalne jej wydzielanie. Jest bezpieczny, może być stosowany nawet w ilościach większych od zalecanych. Niewielka ilość sproszkowanego zioła podana pod język blokuje uczucie smaku słodkiego na kilka godzin.
Badania kliniczne wykazały, że podawanie Gymnema sylvestre pacjentom z cukrzycą typu 1 wzmagało wytwarzanie insuliny, regenerując komórki ß trzustki, a w cukrzycy typu 2 redukuje ilość przyjmowanych leków i u niektórych stwarza możliwość ich wycofania. Natomiast u osób bez problemów chorobowych, nie zauważono efektu obniżenia poziomu glukozy poniżej normy.
Rezultaty ostatnich badań klinicznych niezbicie wskazują na pozytywny efekt stosowania tego środka w cukrzycy typu 1 oraz w cukrzycy dorosłych typu 2. G. sylvestre zapewnia efektywne wykorzystanie glukozy, sprawia, że maksymalne jej ilości zostają użyte w procesach energetycznych naszego organizmu. Pomaga to utrzymać prawidłowy poziom glukozy nawet u osób, które niezbyt rygorystycznie przestrzegają diety.
Insulina jest wytwarzana przez skupiska komórek znajdujących się w trzustce. Komórki te nazywane są komórkami beta wysp trzustkowych.
Komórki beta zgrupowane są w trzustce w tzw. wyspy Langerhansa, które rozmieszczone są równomiernie w całym narządzie.
Gdy dojdzie do zniszczenia ok. 90% komórek beta, zaczynają być zauważalne objawy cukrzycy. Spadek wytwarzania insuliny powoduje kumulowanie się glukozy we krwi.
Upośledzenie wydzielania insuliny przez komórki β może być przyczyna powstanie cukrzycy typu .
Z biegiem czasu postępujące niszczenie komórek β trzustki doprowadza do zaniku wydzielania insuliny.
Objawy kliniczne jawnej cukrzycy pojawiają się w momencie uszkodzenia czy też zniszczenia 80-90% liczby komórek β
obniza poziom cholesterolu i trojglicerydow:
Effect of administration with the extract of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br leaves on lipid metabolism in rats.
Extract of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br leaves (GE) was orally administered once a day to rats fed a high fat diet or normal fat diet for 3 weeks to investigate its influence on lipid metabolism. As a result, GE did not influence body weight gain or feed intake in both diet groups during the experimental period. The apparent fat digestibility was significantly decreased by GE in both diet groups for the last 2 weeks of the experimental period, though not the apparent protein digestibility. In addition, the excretion of neutral sterols and acid steroids into feces was increased by GE in both diet groups. Furthermore, GE decreased the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum. On the other hand, blood lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was increased by GE. Moreover, it was suggested that GE influenced cecal fermentation and that propionic acid and acetic acid contents in cecum were significantly increased by GE. Consequently, it was suggested that GE improved serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels through influence over a wide range of lipid metabolism in rats
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411567
Gymnema sylvestre obniza poziom cholesterolu i trojglicerydow u szczurow
Effect of long term-administration with Gymnema sylvestre R. BR on plasma and liver lipid in rats.
Extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves was administered to rats receiving either a high fat diet or normal fat diet for 10 weeks to investigate its influence on plasma and liver lipids and on visceral fat accumulation. In addition, its effect was compared with those of chitosan and the influence of combined use of these two substances was also evaluated. Within the high fat diet groups, the extract suppressed body weight gain and accumulation of liver lipids to the same extent as chitosan and the combined use. In addition, intraperitoneal fat and fat drop vacuoles on the epithelium of renal tubules, noted in the high fat diet group, were scattered by administration of the extract with the same results as for chitosan and combined use. Within the normal fat diet groups, plasma triglyceride levels decreased by administration of the extract, with similar results as chitosan and combined use.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411552
Gymnema sylvestre u szczurow karmionych dieta bogata w tluszcze zahamowala wzrost wagi i wzrost otluszczenia watroby
U szczurow karmionych normalna dieta - spadl poziom trojglicerydow
Decreased bodyweight without rebound and regulated lipoprotein metabolism by gymnemate in genetic multifactor syndrome animal.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to find obesity control method without rebound. In our previous studies, gymnemate extracted from Gymnema sylvestre, inhibited oleic acid absorption. The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a genetic multifactor syndrome model, exhibits progressive overweight, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. The effect of gymnemate on obesity in OLETF was investigated.
METHODS: Three groups were divided (n=4-8): (1) OLETF-gymnemate, gymnema water extract (containing gymnemate) diet (62.5 g/kg) and water (2.5 g/kg) were supplied 2 weeks from 26-28 weeks, following it general diet and water were fed 3 weeks to observe if it rebound, (2) OLETF-control and (3) the counterpart Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats as normal-control.
RESULTS: With gymnemate treatment, the food and water intake were decreased about 1/3 and 2/3, along with body weight reduced 57.2+/- 6.4 and 75.5+/- 6.3 g during 1 and 2 weeks respectively. In the end of experiment (3 weeks after gymnemate withdrawal), the body weight was decreased to no significant difference with normal-control. The total cholesterol was decreased about 1/3, moreover LDL+VLDL (low-density and very-low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol decreased about 1/2. The proportion of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol to the total cholesterol was increased. The serum triglyceride was decreased to the 1/4 of OLETF control. The level of serum cholesterol and triglyceride was no significant difference in gymnemate group with normal group.
CONCLUSION: Supplementation with gymnemate promoted weight loss by its ability to reduce hyperlipidemia, which was no withdrawal rebound: an important discovery. Supplementation with gymnemate is a novel therapeutic tool for weight management, especially in multifactor syndrome.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16691318?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
podawanie zwierzetom roztworu zawierajacego extrakt z gymnema sylvestre powodowal zmniejszenie hiperlipidemi
(zespół zaburzeń metabolicznych objawiających się podwyższonymi poziomami frakcji cholesterolu i triglicerydów w surowicy krwi)
- co skutkowalo utrata masy ciala
obniza poziom cukru:
A comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin.
A comparison of blood sugar lowering activity of four important medicinal plants (Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Catharanthus roseus and Ocimum sanctum) were carried out against normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models. The plant extracts decreased the blood sugar level in varying degrees. Blood sugar lowering unit (BLU) of activity of each leaf extract and tolbutamide was calculated by ED50 values. Statistical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) variation among the treatments as well as doses with regard to their blood sugar lowering capacity. A. indica leaf extract was found to have the most potent blood sugar-lowering activity followed by C. roseus, G. sylvestre and O. sanctum.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617074
G.S. wraz z innymi 3 roslinami wykazala wlasciowsci obnizajace poizom cukru we krwi u szczurow chorych na cukrzyce
Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. on glucose homeostasis in rats
Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. (G. sylvestre; GS4) on glucose homeostasis was studied in rats. In the first set of experiments, the acute effect of GS4 was examined in both non-diabetic and streptozocin (30 mg/kg)-induced mildly diabetic rats. Administration of 1 g/kg body weight of GS4 to 18-h fasted non-diabetic rats significantly attenuated the serum glucose response to oral administration of 1 g/kg glucose. The immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response in GS4-administered rats was lower, but not significantly, than that in control rats. In mildly diabetic rats, a 60 min increment in serum glucose concentrations was significantly reduced by GS4 administration. No IRI response was observed in these diabetic rats irrespective of GS4 administration. In the second set of experiments, the chronic effect of GS4 was examined in mildly diabetic rats. Two weeks after the induction of diabetes, the rats were divided into two groups that had similar impairment of glucose tolerance assessed by an oral glucose loading test. The rats were fed for 32-35 days with either a control diet or a diet supplemented with GS4. After 4 weeks, GS4 showed a tendency to reduce the serum glucose concentrations in the fed state and to improve the glucose tolerance. Gain in body weight, food intake, pancreas weight and the pancreatic contents of IRI, protein, amylase and trypsinogen were unaltered in the GS4-treated group compared with the control. These results suggest the usefulness of G. sylvestre in the treatment of certain classes of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=
B6T5Y-4BY4YKS-6P&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=
gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=
1693906667&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_url
Version=0&_userid=10&md5=ddc92ca59af0a2b06e6e8474e0754f60&searchtype=a
po 4 tygodniach podawania szczurom majacych problem z tolerowaniem glukozy poprawila sie tolerancja na glukoze i spadl poziom cukru przed posilkami
Possible regeneration of the islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-diabetic rats given Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts.
Two water soluble extracts, GS3 and GS4, obtained from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, were tested in streptozotocin treated rats for their effects on blood glucose homeostasis and pancreatic endocrine tissue. In the diabetic rats, fasting blood glucose levels returned to normal after 60 days of GS3 and after 20 days of GS4 oral administration. Blood collected during the conduct of oral glucose tolerance tests was used to assay for serum insulin. GS3 and GS4 therapy led to a rise in serum insulin to levels closer to normal fasting levels
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259215
dwa extrakty z Gymnema Sylvestre - GS3 i GS4(kwas gymnemowy 4) bylu podawane szczurom.
U szczurow chorych na cukrzyce poziom glukozy wrocil do stanu normalnego po 60dniach stosowania GS3 i 20dniach stosowania GS4
Antihyperglycemic effects of gymnemic acid IV, a compound derived from Gymnema sylvestre leaves in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.
We investigated the antihyperglycemic action of a crude saponin fraction and five triterpene glycosides (gymnemic acids I-IV and gymnemasaponin V) derived from the methanol extract of leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. (Asclepiadaceae) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. The saponin fraction (60mg/kg) reduced blood glucose levels 2 4h after the intraperitoneal administration. Gymnemic acid IV, not the other 4 glycosides at doses of 3.4-13.4mg/kg reduced the blood glucose levels by 13.5-60.0% 6h after the administration comparable to the potency of glibenclamide, and did not change the blood glucose levels of normal mice. Gymnemic acid IV at 13.4 mg/kg increased plasma insulin levels in STZ-diabetic mice. Gymnemic acid IV (1 mg/mL) did not inhibit alpha-glycosidase activity in the brush border membrane vesicles of normal rat small intestines. These results indicate that insulin-releasing action of gymnemic acid IV may contribute to the antihyperglycemic effect by the leaves of G. sylvestre. Gymnemic acid IV may be an anti-obese and antihyperglycemic pro-drug.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11249615
kwas gymnemowy 4 podawany myszom w ilosci 3.4-13.4mg/kg powodowal spadek poziomu glukozy we krwi o 13.5-60.0% po 6h od podania
powoduje wzrost poziomu insuliny:
The insulinotropic activity of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. an indian medical herb used in controlling diabetes mellitus
Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. a woody climber, growing in unkempt tropical forests of Southern India belonging to the family of Asclepiadaceae has been in use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in India for over 2000 years. Scientific investigation of the biological effect of oral administration of the leaves revealed that it is able to increase the circulating insulin levels in alloxan diabetic rabbits and in a single maturity-onset diabetic patient. The hypoglycemic action of the leaf powder is not abrupt and severe, but slow. Blood glucose homeostasis during G. sylvestre therapy is associated with lowering of the serum lipid levels.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi
=B7MF0-4KXF7NW-5&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1981&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=
gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStr
Id=1693909726&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=
1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=587a70e3484309b8ad0caad2823965a0&searchtype=a
G.S. powoduje wzrost poziomu insuliny u chorych na cukrzyce.
Powoduje rowniez spadaek poziomu cukru we krwi (homeostaze),powiazane jest to ze spadkiem poziomu lipidow
regeneracja komorek beta trzuski:
Possible regeneration of the islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-diabetic rats given Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts.
In diabetic rat pancreas, both GS3 and GS4 were able to double the islet number and beta cell number. This herbal therapy appears to bring about blood glucose homeostasis through increased serum insulin levels provided by repair/regeneration of the endocrine pancreas.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259215
u szczurow chorych na cukrzyce podawanie extraktow z G.S. podwoilo ilosc komorek beta trzuski
Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
The effectiveness of GS4, an extract from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, in controlling hyperglycaemia was investigated in 22 Type 2 diabetic patients on conventional oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents. GS4 (400 mg/day) was administered for 18-20 months as a supplement to the conventional oral drugs. During GS4 supplementation, the patients showed a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and glycosylated plasma proteins, and conventional drug dosage could be decreased. Five of the 22 diabetic patients were able to discontinue their conventional drug and maintain their blood glucose homeostasis with GS4 alone. These data suggest that the beta cells may be regenerated/repaired in Type 2 diabetic patients on GS4 supplementation. This is supported by the appearance of raised insulin levels in the serum of patients after GS4 supplementation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259217
suplementacja GS4 (kwas gymnemowy 4) w ilosci 400 mg/d u 22 pacjantow z cukrzyca typu 2 (insulinoniezalezna) spowodowalo (m.in.) spadek poziomu cukru we krwi - wiec dawki innych lekow mogly zostac obnizone
5 pacjentow moglo zaprzestac stosowania innych lekow - przyjmowali tylko GS4
Wyniki tego badania sugeruja ze komorki beta trzuski moga byc regenerowane podczas suplementacji GS4
Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
GS4, a water-soluble extract of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, was administered (400 mg/day) to 27 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on insulin therapy. Insulin requirements came down together with fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosylated plasma protein levels. While serum lipids returned to near normal levels with GS4 therapy, glycosylated haemoglobin and glycosylated plasma protein levels remained higher than controls. IDDM patients on insulin therapy only showed no significant reduction in serum lipids, HbA1c or glycosylated plasma proteins when followed up after 10-12 months. GS4 therapy appears to enhance endogenous insulin, possibly by regeneration/revitalisation of the residual beta cells in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2259216
suplementacja GS4 (kwas gymnemowy 4) w ilosci 400mg/d u chorych na cukrzyce typu 1 powodowala wzrost poziomu insuliny poprzez regeneracje komorek beta
Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability.
To determine whether extracts of Gymnema sylvestre may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we examined the effects of an alcoholic extract of G. sylvestre (GS4) on insulin secretion from rat islets of Langerhans and several pancreatic beta-cell lines. GS4 stimulated insulin release from HIT-T15, MIN6 and RINm5F beta-cells and from islets in the absence of any other stimulus, and GS4-stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited in the presence of 1 mM EGTA. Blockade of voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels with 10 microM isradipine did not significantly affect GS4-induced secretion, and insulin release in response to GS4 was independent of incubation temperature. Examination of islet and beta-cell integrity after exposure to GS4, by trypan blue exclusion, indicated that concentrations of GS4 that stimulated insulin secretion also caused increased uptake of dye. Two gymnemic acid-enriched fractions of GS4, obtained by size exclusion and silica gel chromatography, also caused increases in insulin secretion concomitant with increased trypan blue uptake. These results confirm the stimulatory effects of G. sylvestre on insulin release, but indicate that GS4 acts by increasing cell permeability, rather than by stimulating exocytosis by regulated pathways. Thus the suitability of GS4 as a potential novel treatment for NIDDM can not be assessed by direct measurements of beta-cell function in vitro.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10556769
GS4 stymuluje wydzielanie insuliny nawet wobec braku innych stymulantow (np.weglowodanow)
wyniki swiadcza o tym ze GS4 moze powodowac zwiekszenie przenikalności komorek
Część informacji zaczerpnieta z:
http://www.czytelniamedyczna.pl/3557,gymnema-sylvestris-rbr-azjatycka-roslina-o-dzialaniu-przeciwcukrzycowym.html
http://docs4.chomikuj.pl/273646439,0,0,13-----21.02.2001-węglowodany,-pocz-cukrzycy.doc
http://www.jiaogulan.pl/gurmar.html
http://www.transferfactor.biz.pl/gurmar.html
Zmieniony przez - solaros w dniu 2011-03-26 03:32:55
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