a co do WHO :
Cannabis A generic term used to denote the several psychoactive preparations of the marijuana (hemp) plant, Cannabis sativa. They include marijuana leaf (in street jargon: grass, pot, dope, weed, or reefers), bhang, ganja, or hashish (derived from the resin of the flowering heads of the plant), and hashish oil.
In the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, cannabis is defined as "the flowering or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant (excluding the seeds and leaves when not accompanied by the tops) from which the resin has not been extracted", while cannabis resin is "the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant". The definitions are based on the traditional Indian terms of ganja ( = cannabis) and charas ( = resin). A third Indian term, bhang. refers to the leaves. Cannabis oil (hashish oil, liquid cannabis, liquid hashish) is a concentrate of cannabis obtained by extraction, usuaIly with a vegetable oil.
The term marijuana is of Mexican origin. Originally a term for cheap tobacco (occasionally mixed with cannabis), it has become a general term for cannabis leaves or cannabis in many countries. Hashish, once a general term for cannabis in eastern Mediterranean areas, is now applied to cannabis resin.
Cannabis contains at least 60 cannabinoids, several of which are biologically active. The most active constituent is ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and TH C and its metabolites can be detected in urine for several weeks after usage of cannabis (usually by smoking).
Cannabis intoxication produces a feeling of euphoria, lightness of the limbs, and often social withdrawal. It impairs driving and the performance of other complex, skilled activities; it impairs immediate recall, attention span, reaction time, learning ability, motor co-ordination, depth perception, peripheral vision, time sense (the individual typically has a sensation of slowed time), and signal detection. Other signs of intoxication may include excessive anxiety , suspiciousness or paranoid ideas in some and euphoria or apathy in others, impaired judgement, conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia. Cannabis is sometimes consumed with alcohol, a combination that is additive in its psychomotor effects.
There are reports of cannabis use precipitating a relapse in schizophrenia. Acute anxiety and panic states and acute delusional states have been reported with cannabis intoxication; they usually remit within several days. Cannabinoids are sometimes used therapeutically for glaucoma and to counteract nausea in cancer chemotherapy.
Cannabinoid use disorders are included in the psychoactive substance use disorders in ICD-I0 (classified in Fl2).
See also: amotivational syndrome
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