2 artykuły dla Ciebie Marku
sądzę że robisz sobie jaja, albo znowu szukasz czegos zeby obalic mit :)
Synephrine: A Natural Alternative to Ephedrine
By Richard Alan Miller, c2001
Synephrine is an adrenergic amine that enhances the metabolic rate, increases fat burning and spares muscle protein. Derived from Citrus aurantium, it is a natural alternative to ephedrine, providing maximum weight-loss results without the side effects of Ephedra. Synephrine binds with the Beta 3 cell receptors to increase the rate at which fat is released from body stores (lipolysis), along with increasing the metabolic rate. It offers all of the advantages of a stimulant, without the drawbacks. Weight loss clinics throughout the USA are now reporting improved rates of weight loss while using Synephrine without the side effects of ephedrine. Clients have reported up to a 42% reduction in total body fat after using Synephrine.
More and more physicians are beginning to view excess weight as a metabolic problem. This is evident by the widespread use of the new appetite- suppressant medications, which increase metabolism by stimulating the central nervous system. While increasing metabolism is desirable, chronic excitation of the nervous system can lead to significant problems, from high blood pressure to insomnia.
However, by seeing metabolism and thermogenesis as the key to long-term weight loss, the scientific community has uncovered a new weight-loss technology that will provide hope to the millions of people for whom conventional weight-loss techniques have proven ineffective.
This new technology incorporates a nutritionally balanced diet, regular exercise, and the use of safe and natural substances called thermagenics, that can stimulate metabolism and thermognesis and enable people to achieve effective long-term weight loss.
Unfortunately, existing thermogenics, such as ephedra (also known as
ma huang), have come under scrutiny from the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), as well as state regulators, and are in danger of losing their current status in the natural-products industry. So practitioners are in dire need of an equally effective weight-loss and fitness product that will address the metabolic and thermogenic aspects of obesity and excess weight safely and naturally.
Citrus Aurantium herb, is an exceptional alternative to ephedra. Both safe and natural, it functions in three specific ways:
• it stimulates weight loss by enhancing thermogenisis which is the burning of fat;
• it increases physical performance by making fat available for energy; and
• it maintains or builds lean muscle mass.
Like ephedra, synephrine increases thermogenisis, directly addressing the metabolic nature of excess weight and obesity. However, it works as effectively as ma huang without producing the negative central nervous-system and cardiovascular side effects.
Citrus Aurantium is the herbal name for the Chinese Green orange "Zhi Shi". In Chinese folk medicine Zhi Shi was commonly used to treat indigestion and relieve abdominal distension. Recently, the herb has been used in the treatment of shock, heart conditions and cardiac exhaustion. Citrus Aurantium, also known as Bitter Orange or as Seville Orange, was known to the early Greeks, and was probably the first orange grown in Europe (twelfth century). The unripe peel contains appreciable quantities of neohesperidin (14%), and five adrenergic amines (synephrine, N-methyltyramine, hordenine, ocdtopamine, and tyramine). In addition, the extract of Citrus aurantium also contains octopamine. Octopamine appears to play an important role in insect behavior -- the fruit probably contains the compound in order to stop insects from eating it. In humans, octopamine has been called a "false neurotransmitter," which changes brain function, and causes the pituitary to secrete growth hormone. Whether this secretion is enough to cause muscle bulking is not known.
The bitter orange tree is scarcely distinguishable botanically from the sweet orange tree (Aurantii Dulcis), except in its leaves, fruit, and flowers. The leaf stalk of the bitter orange is more broadly winged, and the fruit itself of deeper hue of red, having a rougher rind, and a bitter, sour juice. Added to these characteristics all portions of the bitter orange emit a greater fragrance than the same parts of the sweet variety. By some botanists, this tree is regarded merely as a variety of the Citrus Aurantium of Linné.
The U. S. P. describes bitter orange peel as consisting of "narrow, thin bands, or in quarters; epidermis of a dark, brownish-green color, glandular, and with very little of the spongy, white, inner layer adhering to it; it has a fragrant odor, and an aromatic, bitter taste".
The fruit, when ripe, is about the shape and size of the common sweet orange, is darker in color, rougher, and has a white parenchyma beneath the rind, and the juice of the pulp is bitter and sour. Orangettes (petit grains) are the unripe fruits which drop from the trees, and are considerably used on the continent under the name of orange berries. They vary from 1/8 to 1/2 inch in diameter, are of a greenish or brown-black color, closely wrinkled, and pleasantly aromatic both in taste and odor.
The leaves are borne on a jointed, broadly-winged petiole, and are smooth, oblong-ovate or ovate, nearly entire, or having a slightly crenated margin. They are aromatic and have pellucid oil-glands scattered throughout the blade.
Research
Synephrine is a well known bronchial dilator, and is used extensively in with diet pills and weight loss formulas. It also serves as a substitute for ephedrine and caffeine. Its primary use in the trade is to treat chest congestion and indigestion, stimulate gastrointestinal functions, and improve circulatory and liver functions.
Over the past 10 years, research has revealed more interesting facts on the active ingredient Synephrine. With many governments banning the sale of ephedrine based product, the search has been on for a safe and effective alternative for fat loss.
Weight loss stems from the combination of lipolysis (releasing fat from body stores) and thermogenesis (increasing the metabolic rate). Unlike ephedrine, Synephrine does not pass the blood brain barrier and does not cause stimulation of the central nervous system or what ephedrine users call the "buzz". Synephrine also only raises blood pressure slightly when compared to ephedrine.
The area where Synephrine has more effect than ephedrine is its thermogenic abilities. Synephrine increases Resting Energy expenditure by 8.2% over 4 hours. This is much greater than ephedrine.
It has been clinically shown that the combination of these adrenergic amines stimulate beta-3 receptors with minimal impact on other receptor sites. This functions to increase the metabolic rate without affecting heart rate or blood pressure. They release adrenaline and noradrenaline only in the beta-3 receptor sites (mostly adipose tissue and the liver). It does NOT cross the blood-brain barrier.
Stimulation of the beta-3 receptor sites elicits the breakdown of lipolysis (fat). Simultaniously, this stimulation increases the metabolic rate (thermogenesis), which burns calories. Synephrine offers all the advantages of a stimulant, without the drawbacks. It functions to burn fat, increase physical performance, and build lean muscle mass.
Chemical Composition.—A bitter crystalline body was isolated in 1828 by Lebreton and named hesperidin. It exists in the white parenchymatous tissues of both the orange and lemon rind, but is found in greatest abundance in the unripe Seville orange. It occurs, when purified, in white, acicular crystals, practically insoluble in water, even when hot (1 in 5000 of boiling water). It dissolves in boiling acetic acid and in alcohol, but refuses to dissolve in ether, fats, essential oils, and benzol. Treated with diluted acids it is split into grapesugar and hesperetin, insoluble in alcohol. Hesperidin fuses at 245° C. (473° F,); hesperetin at 223° C. (433.4° F.). A substance analogous to tannin, gum, resin, albumen, fixed oil, and an essential oil (see Oleum Aurantii Corticis) have also been found in the rind.
The juice of the orange consists chiefly of sugar, mucilage, and citric acid. Tanret (1886) found in bitter orange peel a bitter, acrid resin, a crystallizable, tasteless acid having the formula C44H28O14, hesperidin, an isomeric glucoside (isohesperidin, C44H26O24.5H2O) and another glucoside (aurantiamarin), to which he attributes the bitterness of the rind on account of its solubility in water.
Advanced thermogenic components have been proven to yield the following results:
76.9% increase in a person's resting metabolic rate was achieved immediately after taking the product,. In other words, the person's body started burning fat as soon as they took the product.
People had a near 30% greater weight loss than other prescribed weight loss supplements.
Clients reported up to a 42% reduction in total body fat after using Synephrine.
Synephrine effectively increases the metabolic rate by utilizing two pharmaceutical compounds known as 1(5 Hydroxytryptophan) 2(Dimethylaminoetharol Bitratrate) and L-Tyrosine. During the research phase, lead physicians and pharmacologists found these two compounds, when combined, dramatically increase the metabolic rate, causing the body to release stored fat into the bloodstream to be used as energy.
Once ingested, the adrenoceptor residing on the surface of the individual fat cells (in the form of alpha-1 and -2,and beta -1,-2,and -3 receptors) is stimulated. Specifically,this stimulation directs the thyroid hormone to convert from an inactive state to an active state....directly increasing the Resting Metabolic Rate(RMR).
Fat mobilization occurs within minutes of as the body increases production of brown adipose tissue (BAT)....a special tissue that actually burns fat rather than storing it.
This means your body will effectively AND safely burn fat around the clock....regardless of your food intake or level of exercise.
Unlike products based upon ephedrine, ma huang, phentermine, and other potentially harmful stimulants, a thermogenic agent does not cross the "blood brain barrier".... an occurrence that is chiefly responsible for the adverse side effects associated with such stimulants (such as nervousness, sleeplessness, and "jitters")
Clinical trials (reported in International Journal of Obesity, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, and The New England Journal Of Medicine) indicated the following statistics:
300% decrease in stored fat vs.placebo.
600% increase in total weight loss vs. placebo
29% greater weight loss vs.REDUX
42% reduction in body fat in a specified time period
Ephedrine vs. Synephrine
By Alan E. Shugarman, MS, RD
Since very little published research compares supplementation of ephedrine to synephrine in lean individuals, I set up a study at the University of Utah that compared these two compounds to one another as well as to a placebo. The test formulations contained either 24 milligrams (mg) of ephedrine or 10 mg of synephrine. These are the common supplement industry dosages of ephedrine and synephrine.
Both formulas also included 300 mg of caffeine, 12 mg of yohimbe and 200 mg of quercetin.The synephrine mixture also contained 50 mg of Scizonopeta tenuifolla and Ledebouriella divaricata, two Chinese herbs known to produce a warming effect. The study was a double blind, placebo controlled crossover design, and used 20 young healthy subjects, 10 men and 10 women. Resting metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ration, body care temperature, heart rate and blood pressure were measured.
Resting metabolic rate increased significantly with the ephedrine mix versus placebo. The synephrine formula did not significantly elevate resting metabolic rate for any one 15 minute period during the 195 minutes of measurement.
However, by crudely extrapolating the 195 minutes of collected data over a 24 hour period, both the ephedrine and synephrine formulations showed a significant increase in total resting metabolic rate when compared to the placebo. Respiratory exchange ration decreased significantly toward fat burning with only the ephedrine formulation versus placebo. Body core temperature increased greatly with both the ephedrine and the synephrine formulas compared to the placebo. Heart rate was elevated considerably with the ephedrine versus placebo, but not with the synephrine. Blood pressure was elevated significantly following both formulations versus the placebo.
The bottom line here is that although the synephrine formulation seemed to have a mild effect, the ephedrine formulation outperformed synephrine across the board for elevating metabolic rate and shifting respiratory exchange ration toward fat burning. When you compare a synephrine based mixture to an ephedrine based one for fat burning potential, the ephedrine formulations appear to have the edge, based on available research.
Synephrine and ephedrine act differently upon alpha and beta adrenergic receptor sites. Ephedrine is an indirect and direct acting beta agonist with relatively slight activation of the alpha receptors; synephrine is a direct acting alpha agonist with relatively slight activation of beta receptors, via release of norepinephrine and epinephrine. This is important when attempting to determine the potential for fat burning, because the bottom line is that beta receptors, especially beta-3 receptors, are the key to burning fat.
Admittedly, in this study, the dosage of ephedrine and synephrine in each formulation was not equivalent, so these data cannot be considered conclusive; however, those who tout synephrine as superior to ephedrine for the purpose of getting lean are reaching for data that are not in evidence. Direct comparison studies using the same dosage of both ephedrine and synephrine are still needed. At this point, ephedrine has the edge, both in the scientific literature and in the gym, when it comes to fat burning ability.
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bo bym sie nie potrzebnych dodatków nałykał.
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nie doszedlem nigdy do tylu...(zatrzymalem sie na 300-400 
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