co do heptaminolu to nie yl on jakos super zbadany. Tu masz po krotce wyjasniona zasade jego dzialania. Niestety ludziska sie skarza na jak to nazwales stany euforyczne jak po innych stymulantach noradrenaliny. Ja po 3 ml nie ylem wy***any w kosmos jak mam przewaznie po ECA (jestem bardzo podatny na tego typu suple)
I know heptaminol is banned in race dogs which I never looked into, just lead me to believe it did something to improve preformance but the first study seems to indicate it delays fast twitch muscle fiber fatigue. The second study concludes that Heptaminol increased the capacity of satellite cells to differentiate into myotubes. This I find particularly interesting because a study I was looking at last week found the same effect from
creatine supplementation. Which was the conclusion as to how creatine helps build muscle over the long term. Not by an indirect effect of intercellural fluid retention but rather by increasing the capacity of satallite cells to fuse. If this is true Heptaminol would be a near perfect supplement as it enhances fat burning, delays muscular fatigue of fast twitch fibers (big bonus for most athletes, BB'ers, PL'er) and is anabolic in nature by helping to build muscle though satallite cell fusion. All with no major assoicated side effects and no hormonal interactions. Another study also noted that while heptaminol increased noradrenaline it does not case a down-regulation of the adrenoreceptors.
If you want to get into the theory aspect of hyperpalasia from what I've read IF it does occur a major player in the formation of new muscle fibers is satallite cell fusion...just something to think about there.
Action of heptaminol hydrochloride on contractile properties in frog isolated twitch muscle fibre.
Allard B, Jacquemond V, Lemtiri-Chlieh F, Pourrias B, Rougier O.
Laboratoire de Physiologie des Elements Excitables (CNRS UA 180), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.
1. Heptaminol stopped or delayed the progressive decline in tension which characterizes the phenomenon of fatigue in frog isolated twitch muscle fibre. 2. Heptaminol had no action on the sodium, potassium and calcium voltage-dependent ionic conductances. 3. The hypothesis of an action via an internal alkalinization was tested by comparison with the action of NH4Cl. Both substances increased the tension. 4. The action of heptaminol was suppressed in sodium-free (TRIS) solution or in the presence of amiloride while the action of NH4Cl was always observed. 5. These results could be explained by a stimulation of the Na/H antiport by heptaminol.
PMID: 1724630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
[Heptaminol chlorhydrate: new data]
[Article in French]
Pourrias B.
Centre de Recherche Delalande, Rueil-Malmaison.
Heptaminol hydrochloride is widely used for the treatment for orthostatic hypotension. It continues to elicit controversy as to its mode of action since Loubatieres (1951) described its powerful inotropic action on an ischaemic preparation. Twenty five years later it has been suggested that this drug exerts its action by interfering with the release and uptake of catecholamines (Grobecker and Grobecker, 1976). The aim of this review was to report new experimental approaches and new data relative to the mode of action of heptaminol hydrochloride. In the rat, heptaminol hydrochloride prevented orthostatic hypotension, and increased the noradrenaline plasma concentration. In bovine chromaffin cells maintained in primary cultures, it was found to be a competitive inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake. This inhibition may partially account for its antihypotensive effect. The cardiotonic effect was studied using 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and left ventricular pressure measurement in rat isolated hearts. The results suggest that the inotropic effect during moderate ischemia could be related to a restoration of internal pH possibly mediated by a stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchange. The satellite cells of adult skeletal muscles are myogenic cells involved in muscle regeneration. In culture, they differentiate into myotubes and thus mimic some aspects of the in vivo myogenic process. Heptaminol hydrochloride, which did not significantly alter the cloning efficiency or proliferation, increased the capacity of satellite cells to differentiate into myotubes.